Justice Eileen C. Moore - Council on Criminal Justice (2024)
Associate Justice, California Court of Appeal Army Nurse Corps, U.S. Army
Justice Eileen Moore was appointed to the Superior Court of California, County of Orange, in 1989 and to the Fourth District Court of Appeal in 2000. For the last 28 years Justice Moore has been an author for the Thomson West Civil Practice texts on Procedure. She has also served as author of the Litigation Update for the California Lawyers Association’s Litigation Section for the last 12 years.
Prior to her appointment, Justice Moore built a legal career in private practice in Newport Beach. She also practiced as a registered nurse, including service as a combat nurse with the Army Nurse Corps in Vietnam. She is a life member of Vietnam Veterans of America.
In addition to her judicial position, Justice Moore has spent the past 25 years in support of veterans, particularly those who interact with the courts and the justice system. Since 2008, she has chaired the Judicial Council’s Veterans and Military Families subcommittee. She has authored over 100 articles on veterans’ legal issues. She is also the author of two books: Race Results compares the treatment of African Americans by the U.S. Supreme Court and in Hollywood movies, while Gender Results compares the treatment of gender issues by the U.S. Supreme Court and in Hollywood movies.
Justice Moore has been presented with many awards and honors by courts, legal organizations, and civic and educational groups, including the California Judges Association’s Humanitarian Award. In 2020, the California Department of Veterans Affairs presented Justice Moore with a trailblazer award, and in 2021, the United States Department of Veterans Affairs presented her with a trailblazer award. In 2022, the Daughters of the American Revolution also honored her.
Justice Moore graduated cum laude from University of California Irvine in 1975 with a Bachelor of Arts degree, and she received her Juris Doctor from Pepperdine University School of Law in 1978. In May 2004, she graduated from the University of Virginia with a Master of Laws degree.
The judge hears all the witnesses and any other evidence presented by the prosecution and the defense. The judge decides whether the accused person is guilty or innocent on the basis of the evidence presented and in accordance with the law.
The federal court system has three main levels: district courts (the trial court), circuit courts which are the first level of appeal, and the Supreme Court of the United States, the final level of appeal in the federal system.
The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest court in the land and the only part of the federal judiciary specifically required by the Constitution. The Constitution does not stipulate the number of Supreme Court Justices; the number is set instead by Congress.
Prosecutors are the most powerful officials in the American criminal justice system. The decisions they make, particularly the charging and plea-bargaining decisions, control the operation of the system and often predetermine the outcome of criminal cases.
An objection is a formal protest raised by a party or counsel during a legal proceeding asserting that an error, contrary to the rules of evidence or other procedural law, has been or will be made.
Judges provide instructions to juries prior to their deliberations and in the case of bench trials, judges must decide the facts of the case and make a ruling. Additionally, judges are also responsible for sentencing convicted criminal defendants. Most cases are heard and settled by a jury.
A court of last resort, often known as a Supreme Court, is usually the highest court. Some states also have an intermediate Court of Appeals. Below these appeals courts are the state trial courts. Some are referred to as Circuit or District Courts.
Article III, Section I states that "The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish." Although the Constitution establishes the Supreme Court, it permits Congress to decide how to organize it.
The three basic functions of the court system are norm enforcement, dispute processing, and policy making. Norm enforcing references the fact that the courts are responsible for upholding the norms set in place by society.
In the Judiciary Act of 1789, the First Congress decided that: Congress could regulate the jurisdiction of all federal courts. The federal district courts and circuit courts would have specific, limited jurisdiction. The Supreme Court would have the original jurisdiction provided for in the Constitution.
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